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September 1996

September 1996
Scientific American Magazine

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Table of Contents header

Cover; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

Table of Contents; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 2 Page(s)

From the Editors, including Masthead; September 1996; by Rennie; 1 Page(s)

Reasons for Hope

Letters to the Editors; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

50, 100 and 150 Years Ago; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

In Focus: HIV's Achilles' Heel; September 1996; by Beardsley; 2 Page(s)

Drugs and education are starting to slow the AIDS virus

Field Notes: A Day at the Armageddon Factory; September 1996; by Zorpette; 1 Page(s)

The sleep isn't quite out of my eyes when I am greeted by six beefy guards with guns on their thighs and boots on their feet.

Cosmic Puffery; September 1996; by Powell, Mukerjee; 2 Page(s)

Whither goest the big bang?

In Brief; September 1996; by Leutwyler; 3 Page(s)

Galileo's Travels; Growing Pains; Free Bits; First Drug for Stroke Approved; Long Days' Night; Some Flies Have All the Luck; Polar Surprise; Pedal Medals; Ungulates Uncovered; Resistance through an Atom; Imanishi-Kari Cleared; Sweeter Dreams

Mysterious Maladies; September 1996; by Nemecek; 2 Page(s)

Separating real from imagined disorders presents frustrating challenges

Smog from Space; September 1996; by Sinha; 2 Page(s)

Pollution photographed from the space shuttle helps to quantify global cooling

Put a Sock on It; September 1996; by Mirsky; 1 Page(s)

Consider the turkey.

By the Numbers: World Birth-Control Use; September 1996; by Doyle; 1 Page(s)

Over the past 30 years or so, there has been a dramatic decline in world fertility rates, particularly in developing countries.

Cyber View; September 1996; by Browning; 1 Page(s)

The Internet Is Learning to Censor Itself

Alarming Nets; September 1996; by Schneider; 2 Page(s)

Fishermen try acoustics to protect porpoises

New Chip off the Old Block; September 1996; by Gibbs; 2 Page(s)

Can DNA microprobes do for genetics what microprocessors did for computing?

For Your Eyes Only?; September 1996; by Beardsley; 1 Page(s)

"Strong crypto" puts federal controls under pressure

Artificial Blood Quickens; September 1996; by Gibbs; 2 Page(s)

Several short-term substitutes approach final clinical trials

Recently Netted....; September 1996; by Eisenberg; 1 Page(s)

Privacy While You're Connected; These Key Words for Hire

Profile: T.V. Raman; September 1996; by Gibbs; 2 Page(s)

Envisioning Speech

Making Headway Against Cancer; September 1996; by Rennie, Rusting; 3 Page(s)

A single cure is still elusive, but for people touched by this disease, modern understanding is paying off in better treatments, better prevention and brighter prospects

Fundamental Understandings; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

Cancer begins when a cell breaks free from the normal restraints on uncontrolled growth and spread. Recent progress in understanding the dangerous changes in cell behavior has been extraordinary. These findings are the basis for many of today's most exciting ideas for improving care.

How Cancer Arises; September 1996; by Weinberg; 9 Page(s)

An explosion of research is uncovering the long-hidden molecular underpinnings of cancer - and suggesting new therapies

How Cancer Spreads; September 1996; by Ruoslahti; 6 Page(s)

Tumor cells roam the body by evading the controls that keep normal cells in place. That fact offers clues to fighting cancer

Causes and Prevention; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

Many of the culprits most publicized as causes of cancer actually account for a relatively small fraction of deaths. The good news: we can do more to protect ourselves. And a growing area of study - chemoprevention - is attempting to make the task easier.

What Causes Cancer?; September 1996; by Trichopoulos, Li, Hunter; 8 Page(s)

The top two causes - tobacco and diet - account for almost two thirds of all cancer deaths and are among the most correctable

Strategies For Minimizing Cancer Risk; September 1996; by Willett, Colditz, Mueller; 6 Page(s)

Simple, realistic preventive measures could save hundreds of thousands of lives every year in developed countries alone

Chemoprevention of Cancer; September 1996; by Greenwald; 4 Page(s)

Someday people should be able to avoid cancer or delay its onset by taking specially formulated pills or foods

Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk?; September 1996; by Davidson; 1 Page(s)

Thanks to advances in public health and medicine, the average American woman will be postmenopausal for about one third of her life.

Toward Earlier Detection; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

New technology promises not only to detect cancers earlier and more accurately but also to catch tumors in their precancerous state, when the disease still might be prevented outright. The same basic instruments should help physicians to distinguish patients who need minimal treatment from those who need the most aggressive interventions.

Advances in Cancer Detection; September 1996; by Sidransky; sidebar by Stix; 6 Page(s)

Tests to look for the presence of a tumor before any symptoms appear may save more lives than new drug therapies do

Advances in Tumor Imaging; September 1996; by Giger, Pelizzari; 3 Page(s)

New tools yield a three-dimensional view inside the body and automated advice on interpreting the anatomical landscape

Should Women in Their 40s Have Mammograms?; September 1996; by Maranto; 1 Page(s)

For at least four years now, breast cancer specialists have been heatedly arguing among themselves about whether women in their forties benefit from having routine mammograms.

Does Screening for Prostate Cancer Make Sense?; September 1996; by Hanks, Scardino; 2 Page(s)

Since 1990 the reported number of new cases of prostate cancer has tripled, from fewer than 100,000 annually to an estimated 317,000 this year.

Improving Conventional Therapy; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

The mainstays of cancer treatment - surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - are being refined and combined in ways that can help patients enjoy longer, more fulfilling lives.

Advancing Current Treatments for Cancer; September 1996; by Hellman, Vokes; 6 Page(s)

Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy can now cure many cases of cancer. Future methods will be even more effective

When are Bone Marrow Transplants Considered?; September 1996; by Antman; 2 Page(s)

Bone marrow transplants can help to compensate for the damaging effects of intense chemotherapy.

Twelve Major Cancers; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 7 Page(s)

The pages that follow provide facts and figures about the 12 cancers that affect the most Americans (excluding basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, which are very common but rarely fatal).

Therapies of the Future; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

Fascinating new approaches to treatment would combat cancers without the devastating side effects of many current therapies. Some capitalize on insights into how the immune system might be enlisted to destroy malignancies. Others are based on detailed knowledge of how tumors grow and spread.

Immunotherapy for Cancer; September 1996; by Old; 8 Page(s)

As knowledge about the immune system grows, scientists are devising ways, using the body's own defenses, to attack cancer

New Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy; September 1996; by Oliff, Gibbs, McCormick; 6 Page(s)

Investigators are exploiting the characteristic molecular abnormalities of cancers in new approaches to treatment

Fighting Cancer by Attacking Its Blood Supply; September 1996; by Folkman; 4 Page(s)

By interfering with the expanding network of blood vessels in tumors, researchers hope to cut off the underlying support system

Living with Cancer (Introduction); September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

There are ways to cope successfully with the physical, psychological and practical challenges of the disease. Resources are available to patients who know where to look. Even pain can usually be controlled - if caregivers award the problem the attention it deserves.

Cancer's Psychological Challenges; September 1996; by Holland; 4 Page(s)

Cancer patients today have many options for easing distress. These interventions may not prolong life, but they can improve its quality

Alternative Cancer Treatments; September 1996; by Aulas; 2 Page(s)

Miraculous cures are a myth, but some regimens may well improve the quality of life for patients

Controlling the Pain of Cancer; September 1996; by Foley; 2 Page(s)

Despite enormous advances in treating pain, many cancer patients still suffer needlessly. Some simple practices can make a difference

What Are Obstacles to Ideal Care?; September 1996; by Gibbs; 1 Page(s)

Many patients do not know that being in a clinical trial is an option.

Finding More Information; September 1996; by Staff Editor; 1 Page(s)

Fortunately, access to incisive knowledge about cancer and its treatment is easier to obtain than ever before.

The Amateur Scientist; September 1996; by Carlson; 3 Page(s)

The Pleasures of Exploring Ponds

Mathematical Recreations; September 1996; by Stewart; 3 Page(s)

The Interrogator's Fallacy

Reviews; September 1996; by McGrew, Powell, Kamrin; 5 Page(s)

Reviews

Commentary: Wonders - Neptune, Velikovsky and the Name of the Game; September 1996; by Gingerich; 2 Page(s)

Then felt I like some watcher of the skies When a new planet swims into his ken.

Commentary: Connections - Impressions; September 1996; by Burke; 2 Page(s)

Fortunately for me, at a recent reception to mark the opening of an exhibition, there was a woman drinking a glass of champagne, and I got the impression she was scrutinizing one of those paintings you can only truly appreciate from a distance.

Working Knowledge; September 1996; by Aschkenasy; 1 Page(s)

Freeze-Drying




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